Prevalence and predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background & Aims : Polycystic ovary disease (PCOS) may be a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to common pathogenetic pathways, including insulin resistance and obesity. Both PCOS and NAFLD are more severe in South Asian women. Data on NAFLD in South Asian women with PCOS are lacking. Methods : We investigated prevalence and predictors of NAFLD and liver fibrosis by transient elastography (TE) with associated controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in PCOS patients from South Asia, through a routine screening program. NAFLD was defined as CAP > 288 dB/m. Significant liver fibrosis (stage 2 and higher out of 4) was defined as TE measurement > 8.0 kPa. Elevated ALT was defined as ALT >24 IU/L, as per upper limit of normal reported in South Asian women. Hyperandrogenism was defined as free androgen index >5. Predictors of NAFLD were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results : 101 PCOS patients (mean age 36.3 years) with no significant alcohol intake or viral hepatitis were included. Prevalence of NAFLD and significant liver fibrosis was 39.6% and 6.9%, respectively. Elevated ALT was observed in 40.0% and 11.5% of patients with and without NAFLD, respectively. After adjusting for duration of PCOS and insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR, independent predictors of NAFLD were higher BMI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.30, 95% CI 1.13-1.52), hyperandrogenism (aOR 5.32, 95% CI 1.56-18.17) and elevated ALT (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.10-11.47). Lifetime cardiovascular risk was higher in patients with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (0.31 + 0.11 vs. 0.26 + 0.13). Conclusions : Despite their young age, NAFLD diagnosed by TE with CAP is a frequent comorbidity in South Asian women with PCOS and is strongly associated with higher BMI and hyperandrogenism. Non-invasive screening strategies could help early diagnosis and initiation of interventions, including counselling on weight loss, cardiovascular risk stratification and linkage to hepatology care where appropriate.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it