Subjective Trajectories for Self-Rated Health as a Predictor of Change in Physical Health Over Time: Results from an 18-Year Longitudinal Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drawing on social-cognitive and lifespan development perspectives, we examined how individuals view their health as unfolding across time, using a three-wave longitudinal study of American adults (n = 2386; M age = 55.47 years; 55.9% female). Self-rated health (SRH) was perceived to be declining across subjective temporal periods (recollected past, current, anticipated future), particularly by older (vs. younger) adults. Such perceived declines were negatively biased compared to actual changes in SRH over time, especially among older (vs. younger) adults. Physical health (chronic conditions, daily limitations, symptom frequency) worsened across time, with steeper declines for older (vs. younger) adults. Consistent with stereotype embodiment, longitudinal modeling revealed that subjective perceptions of declining SRH predicted actual declines in physical health over time. This study extends previous research and theory on the temporally extended self- and age-related stereotypes by demonstrating the value of a subjective temporal perspective to understanding changes in health across time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".