Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since its inception the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has been criticised as undemocratic. It gave a small coterie of politically unaccountable judges the power to override the policy preferences of the people’s representatives. What’s more, the justification for this rested on the vagaries of rights, about which even the converted cannot reach agreement. Granted: parliamentary politics are not perfect. But, as John Ely famously argued, ‘we may grant until we're blue in the face that legislatures aren't wholly democratic, but that isn't going to make courts more democratic than legislatures.’ Peter Hogg and Allison Bushell have recently responded that this majoritarian objection to judicial review has been exaggerated – at least in the context of Canadian democracy. They claim that an empirical study of Charter cases and their legislative sequels falsifies the belief that the Supreme Court inevitably has the last word on rights. Judicial review is not a veto over politics but the beginning of a ‘dialogue’ about rights between courts and legislatures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.223 | 0.372 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.101 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.027 | 0.021 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.039 | 0.036 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".