Analysis and verification of power grids considering process-induced leakage-current variations
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ongoing trends in technology scaling imply a reduction in the transistor threshold voltage (V/sub th/). With smaller feature lengths and smaller parameters, variability becomes increasingly important, for ignoring it may lead to chip failure and assuming worst case renders almost any design nonachievable. This paper presents a methodology for the analysis and verification of the power grid of integrated circuits considering variations in leakage currents. These variations are large due to the exponential relation between leakage current and transistor threshold voltage and appear as random background noise on the nodes of the grid. We propose a lognormal distribution to model the grid voltage drops, derive bounds on the voltage-drop variances, and develop a numerical Monte Carlo method to estimate the variance of each node voltage on the grid. This model is used toward the solution of a statistical formulation of the power-grid-verification problem.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it