Adaptive Clock Management of HLS-generated Circuits on FPGAs
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, we present Syncopation , a performance-boosting fine-grained timing analysis and adaptive clock management technique for High-Level Synthesis-generated circuits implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays. The key idea is to use the HLS scheduling information along with the placement and routing results to determine the worst-case timing path for individual clock cycles. By adjusting the clock period on a cycle-by-cycle basis, we can increase performance of an HLS-generated circuit. Our experiments show that Syncopation improves performance by 3.2% (geomean) across all benchmarks (up to 47%). In addition, by employing targeted synthesis techniques along with Syncopation, we can achieve 10.3% performance improvement (geomean) across all benchmarks (up to 50%). Syncopation instrumentation is implemented entirely in soft logic without requiring alterations to the HLS-synthesis toolchain or changes to the FPGA, and has been validated on real hardware.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it