Niobium-doped layered cathode material for high-power and low-temperature sodium-ion batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Application of sodium ion batteries in grid-scale energy storage demands electrode materials that facilitate fast and stable charge storage from room-temperature to sub-zero temperature range. The key issues that hinder P2-type layered oxides from achieving such goals are their unsatisfied charge transfer kinetics and unavoidable surface fading. Herein, we report a P2-type Na0.78Ni0.31Mn0.67Nb0.02O2 whereby the trace Nb substitution simultaneously reduces the electronic band gap and ionic diffusion energy barrier, thus enables fast electron and Na+ mobility (~10-9 cm s-1 at -40 °C). While the Nb induced atomic-scale surface pre-construction efficiently prevents the electrolyte penetration and surface metal dissolution. The material demonstrates a record high rate capability (50 C), unprecedented low temperature performance and ultrahigh cycling stability (98% capacity retention at -40 °C with 76% capacity remaining after 1800 cycles). Different from literatures, this work shows that complete solid-solution is not always critical for high rate performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".