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Record W4288442524 · doi:10.2308/isys-19-053

Factors Affecting Employees' Susceptibility to Cyber-Attacks

2022· article· en· W4288442524 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Information Systems · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicSpam and Phishing Detection
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhishingHostilityBusinessContext (archaeology)Interpersonal communicationFinancial servicesCognitionPsychologyInternet privacyComputer securitySocial psychologyFinanceThe InternetComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT We examine factors associated with employees' susceptibility to phishing attacks in a professional services firm and a financial services firm (bank). We measure three dimensions of suspicion (skepticism, suspicion of hostility, and interpersonal trust), and three cognitive traits (risk-taking propensity, cognitive [inhibitory] control, and social cognition), while controlling for demographic and work context factors. We find that these traits interact in complex ways in determining individuals' susceptibility to phishing attacks. Bank employees are more susceptible to being phished than professional services firm employees, but within the bank, the employees with professional certificates are less susceptible to phishing attacks than other bank employees. Also, employees with self-reported responsibility for cybersecurity are less likely to be phished. These findings could be used to create a screening tool for identifying which employees are particularly susceptible to phishing attacks, to tailor training, or redesign jobs to counter those susceptibilities and reduce security risk.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.508
Threshold uncertainty score0.354

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.003
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.235 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it