Commercialization of short-rotation intensive culture tree production in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An estimated 7500 ha of short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) plantations are now in full-scale production or in scale-up research trials in the United States (4600 ha) and Canada (2900 ha). Over 7000 ha were established in 1978 after the initiation of both the US Department of Energy's Short Rotation Woody Crops Program and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources' Fast Growing Forest program. More than 80% of the increase in area can be attributed to the large SRIC plantations established in the Pacific Northwest by James River Corporation (formerly Crown Zellerbach) and in Ontario, Canada, by Domtar. Eighteen other locations in North America also have or are planning SRIC plantations of greater than 20 ha in size. A key to commercialization had been the establishment of an alliance between industry and research organizations (usually supported by government programs). Such alliances have naturally formed where research organizations have developed genetic improvement and silviculture programs simultaneously. The US Department of Energy has recognized the importance of fostering such alliances in its technology transfer efforts. Additional efforts should be made to transfer SRIC technology to individual landowners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".