‘There is no room in our city for hate’: The re-emerged debates over the current and former place name of a Canadian city
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1916, Berlin, Ontario, disappeared off the map through a controversial vote. In its place came a new toponym named after British Secretary of State for War, Horatio Herbert Kitchener. Over a century later, a Facebook post about the city’s name gained local media attention. For the writer of the post, the name Kitchener was synonymous for hate due to the military figure’s role in expanding the use of internment camps during the Second Boer War. However, the Berlin–Kitchener controversy is far older than the recent news story; it goes back to 1991 when a news article brought up the subject a year after the city’s German-Canadian community celebrated the reunification of their cultural homeland. This article examines the original resurfaced controversy over the 1916 name change as well as the recently re-emerged debate. It is argued that the origins of both debates are markedly different and reflect different concerns.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.037 | 0.059 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".