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Record W4306878474 · doi:10.46852/0424-2513.4.2022.27

Franchise Market as a Driver of Hospitality Development

2022· article· en· W4306878474 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueEconomic Affairs · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLegal Studies and Reforms
Canadian institutionsHotel Dieu HospitalBell (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHospitalityBusinessMarketingFranchiseTourismHospitality industryMarket developmentIndustrial organizationEconomicsMarket economy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The article is devoted to analyzing the current state of the global franchise market and the study of problems, trends, and prospects for its development. The study’s primary purpose is to substantiate the impact of the franchise market on the development of the hospitality sector. The study results show that today the franchise market is developing rapidly, with the most active in the hospitality industry, formed by the hotel and restaurant business. Today the franchise market is most actively developing in fast food. Analysis of the development trend in recent years has shown a significant market decline in 2020 due to the pandemic. It proves that the franchise market is a driver of the development of the hospitality industry, as the growth rate of income of companies that work in franchises exceeds the total income of companies in the hospitality industry. At the same time, the impact occurs not only in the economic aspect but also in the social one. Franchising is a stimulant for employment growth. It also helps to improve the quality of services and stimulates the development of small businesses. The paper also summarizes the main discussion issues of the positive impact of franchising in the hospitality sector. The primary trend in market development is the digitalization of tourism technology.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.696
Threshold uncertainty score0.994

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.236
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it