Sunscreens: A Review of UV Filters and Their Allergic Potential
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Active ingredients of sunscreens, or UV filters, have increased in use because public awareness of sun safety has risen. In addition to this intentional use, unintentional exposures to UV filters also occur through application of personal care products, where the filters are incorporated into the product. There are 2 main types of UV filters: organic (chemical) filters and the 2 inorganic (mineral) filters, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Both allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) have been caused by organic filters; oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is the most frequently reported contact and photocontact allergen compared with all other UV filters. There are no reports of ACD or PACD to the inorganic (physical) UV filters. Here, we review the categories of sunscreens available, currently marketed UV filters, and their corresponding ACD and PACD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it