Likelihood of hospitalization for a chronic respiratory condition following pediatric infection with enterovirus and rhinovirus strains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rhino-enteroviruses, particularly enterovirus strain D68 (EV-D68), have been associated with severe respiratory distress in children. The goal of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of children with EV-D68 infection to that of children with other enterovirus / rhinovirus. Nasopharyngeal swabs from 174 children presenting with respiratory distress were tested by PCR for respiratory viruses. The primary outcome was diagnosis of a chronic respiratory condition within the follow-up period. Admission to intensive care, and length of stay were recorded. Odds ratios were determined using multinomial logistic regression. During 5 years of follow-up, the crude odds of diagnosis with a chronic respiratory condition were significantly more likely in EV-D68 cases (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.82), but failed to remain significant after adjusting for a past history of asthma. Upon admission for a primary concern of asthma, length of stay both in hospital and intensive care were significantly longer in EV-D68 cases (OR: 2.10 [95% CI: 1.56, 2.82, p < 0.001]) and (OR: 5.18 [95% CI: 1.90, 6.28, p < 0.001]), respectively. After adjustment for a history of asthma, EV-D68 cases had significantly longer length of stay in hospital, admitted for 1.94 days for each day that controls were admitted (95% CI: 1.40, 2.68). In admissions to intensive care, EV-D68 cases spent 2.74 days for each day of admission in controls (95% CI: 1.62, 4.97, p < 0.001). Ours is first study to assess prognostic respiratory outcomes of patients infected with EV-D68 in childhood. Our study finds that EV-D68 cases were significantly more likely be hospitalized for longer than other enterovirus/rhinovirus controls in subsequent admissions for respiratory distress. Need for intensive care was significantly longer in EV-D68 infections. Our next steps will be validation in a larger sample size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".