Printed Organic Photovoltaic Modules on Transferable Ultra‐thin Substrates as Additive Power Sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Thin‐film photovoltaics with functional components on the order of a few microns, present an avenue toward realizing additive power onto any surface of interest without excessive addition in weight and topography. To date, demonstrations of such ultra‐thin photovoltaics have been limited to small‐scale devices, often prepared on glass carrier substrates with only a few layers solution‐processed. We demonstrate large‐area, ultra‐thin organic photovoltaic (PV) modules produced with scalable solution‐based printing processes for all layers. We further demonstrate their transfer onto light‐weight and high‐strength composite fabrics, resulting in durable fabric‐PV systems ∼50 microns thin, weighing under 1 gram over the module area (corresponding to an area density of 105 g m−2), and having a specific power of 370 W kg−1. Integration of the ultra‐thin modules onto composite fabrics lends mechanical resilience to allow these fabric‐PV systems to maintain their performance even after 500 roll‐up cycles. This approach to decouple the manufacturing and integration of photovoltaics enables new opportunities in ubiquitous energy generation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".