BlinkRadar: Non-Intrusive Driver Eye-Blink Detection with UWB Radar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The eye-blink pattern is crucial for drowsy driving diagnostics, which has become an increasingly serious social issue. However, traditional methods (e.g., with EOG, camera, wearable, and acoustic sensors) are less applicable to real-life scenarios due to the disharmony between user-friendliness, monitoring accuracy, and privacy-preserving. In this work, we design and implement BlinkRadar as a low-cost and contact-free system to conduct fine-grained eye-blink monitoring in a driving situation using a customized impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar which has superior spatial resolution with the ultra-wide bandwidth. BlinkRadar leverages an IR-UWB radar to achieve contact-free sensing, and it fully exploits the complex radar signal for data augmentation. BlinkRadar aims to single out the eye-blink induced waveforms modulated by body movements and vehicle status. It solves the serious interference caused by the unique characteristics of blinking (i.e., subtle, sparse, and non-periodic) and from the human target itself and surrounding objects. We evaluate BlinkRadar in a laboratory environment and during actual road testing. Experimental results show that BlinkRadar can achieve a robust performance of drowsy driving with a median detection accuracy of 92.2% and eye blink detection of 95.5%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".