Late Carboniferous tectono-sedimentary evolution and related terrestrial biotic changes on the North Variscan and Appalachian forelands, and adjacent paralic and continental basins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The general characteristics of the Pennsylvanian climate, palaeogeograrhy, tectonic processes and changes of terrestrial biotas are analysed based on an extensive set of published data. Data are also presented on the geotectonic and ralaeogeographical position, as well as the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the main basins across the Euramerican coal province, and the character of the strata around the Westphalian – Stephanian boundary in these basins. Controls potentially responsible for floristic changes and the decline of the coal measures forests are discussed. Among those which have appeared in the literature, the most important are global climate change, tectonism related to the Variscan Orogeny resulting in a decrease of subsidence rate and onset of basin inversion, palaeogeographical changes related to the formation of Pangea producing orographic barriers that affected precipitation-distribution and continental drift through the latitudinal climate belts. Since all these processes operated simultaneously, the final effect on terrestrial biotas is most probably the result of an interplay of all these controls. In the North America, the most important basins with a more or less complete sedimentary record across the Westphalian – Stephanian boundary are the Western and Eastern Interior Basins, the Appalachian Basin and the Canadian Maritimes Basin, which have been interpreted as cratonic, foreland and strike-slip basins respectively. In Europe, this boundary is recorded from the South Wales and the Upper Silesian Coal Basins in the North Variscan foreland and from adjacent continental basins (Saar-Lorraine, basins of the Bohemian Massif and South Carpathian area, and the Dobrudzha Basin located on the Moesian Platform). Different palaeogeographical and geotectonic positions of the basins provide an excellent platform for comparison of common and specific features in sedimentary and palaeontological records, and consequently the identification of the most important controls operating in each basin. Finally, it may allow us to identify the main mechanism responsible for the decline of tropical mires and the accompanying floristic changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".