Early life organophosphate ester exposures and bone health at age 12 years: The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and aim: No human studies have evaluated early life organophosphate ester (OPE) exposures with bone health outcomes, despite evidence of osteotoxicity. We assessed associations of urinary OPE metabolites measured across early life with bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at age 12 years. Methods: Among 223 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, we quantified concentrations of bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), bis-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) (BDCIPP), di-n-butyl phosphate (DnBP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) in urine collected from mothers during pregnancy and children at ages 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years. At age 12 years, we performed dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and calculated BMC and aBMD z-scores at six skeletal sites. Using a multiple informants framework, we estimated overall and sex-stratified BMC/BMD z-score differences per interquartile range (IQR) increase in OPE concentrations at multiple exposure timepoints: gestation (average) and 1–3 (average), 5, and 8 years. Results: In adjusted models, overall associations of BCEP and BDCIPP with total hip and 1/3rd distal radius aBMD varied significantly by exposure timepoint, as did BDCIPP with whole body aBMD. For example, differences (95% CI) in total hip aBMD z-score per IQR increase in BDCIPP were 0.33 (0.01, 0.65), -0.10 (-0.34, 0.14), -0.17 (-0.40, 0.05), and 0.14 (-0.09, 0.38) for concentrations during gestation and at 1–3, 5, and 8 years, respectively. Overall DnBP and DPHP associations were generally null at all timepoints. We observed sex-specific associations for some timepoints and skeletal sites. For example, an IQR increase in 8-year DPHP was associated with a 0.24 (0.08, 0.39) greater total hip aBMD z-score among females and a -0.15 (-0.39, 0.08) lower z-score among males. Conclusions: Early life OPE exposures may be associated with sex- and exposure period-dependent alterations in early adolescent bone mineral accrual and strength.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".