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Economic opportunities and challenges in biojet production: A literature review and analysis

2023· review· en· W4319456104 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueBiomass and Bioenergy · 2023
Typereview
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicAdvanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
FundersNatural Resources CanadaFORGE Hydrocarbons
KeywordsProduction (economics)BusinessEconomicsMicroeconomics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Biojet has emerged for pursuing reduced emissions targets. However, global uptake of biojet has remained negligible. Sources have speculated on economic reasons for biojet's lack of commercial success, but there have been few reviews across experts that have identified key causes. We compile the views of experts through a comprehensive literature review (covering over 200 sources between 2003 and 2021) that explores opportunities and challenges (OACs) for the emerging biojet industry through an economic lens. We categorize OACs into identified factors (e.g., high costs of production) and track the number of times each factor is mentioned in the literature. We use these counts to rank OAC factors and associate these with concepts of demand and supply, and their impacts on investments in biojet. We also examine how citations of key opportunities and challenges have changed over time. The highest ranked opportunities are associated with demand-side factors (e.g., increasing demand for reduced emissions), while the highest ranked challenges are associated with supply-side factors (e.g., high costs of production). Policy considerations, which could affect demand and/or supply, are also highly ranked, but like many factors, are viewed as both opportunities and challenges. Overall, the literature is optimistic towards future demand, but pessimistic towards future supply, with the bottom line indicating few prospects for current investments in biojet. Given the ongoing confidence in demand for biojet, this situation could potentially change with future investments in research to reduce costs and uncertainty, along with clear and consistent policies that could incentivize biojet production.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.993
Threshold uncertainty score0.835

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.127
GPT teacher head0.300
Teacher spread0.173 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it