Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Multiple Acoustic Features and Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Speech emotion recognition (SER) plays a vital role in human–machine interaction. A large number of SER schemes have been anticipated over the last decade. However, the performance of the SER systems is challenging due to the high complexity of the systems, poor feature distinctiveness, and noise. This paper presents the acoustic feature set based on Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC), wavelet packet transform (WPT), zero crossing rate (ZCR), spectrum centroid, spectral roll-off, spectral kurtosis, root mean square (RMS), pitch, jitter, and shimmer to improve the feature distinctiveness. Further, a lightweight compact one-dimensional deep convolutional neural network (1-D DCNN) is used to minimize the computational complexity and to represent the long-term dependencies of the speech emotion signal. The overall effectiveness of the proposed SER systems’ performance is evaluated on the Berlin Database of Emotional Speech (EMODB) and the Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) datasets. The proposed system gives an overall accuracy of 93.31% and 94.18% for the EMODB and RAVDESS datasets, respectively. The proposed MFCC and 1-D DCNN provide greater accuracy and outpace the traditional SER techniques.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it