Schools of Thought: Leader Education and Policy Outcomes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We develop a leader-specific theory to explain economic and political liberalization. We argue that leaders’ policy decisions in office depend, in part, on their exposure to classical liberal values while at university, through the content of social science and humanities courses. Variation comes from two sources: across educational institution types and within them via specialization. Educational institutions differ in terms of their autonomy from the state, which determines universities’ quality in the social sciences and humanities, and the degree of hierarchy within the classroom (egalitarian vs. authoritarian), which reinforces/hinders students’ ability to internalize course content. Within-institution variation comes from specialization: some specializations have a larger curriculum component that emphasizes classical liberal values. Using a novel data set on country leaders’ educational attainment and specialization, we show that leaders who attended autonomous and egalitarian universities—particularly those specializing in economics or law—are more likely to implement liberal reform across policy areas.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it