Raising business communication students’ awareness of nonverbal features of interaction
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analysis of conversations between international university students in the Corpus of English as a Lingua Franca Interaction (CELFI, McDonough & Trofimovich, 2019 McDonough, K., & Trofimovich, P. (2019). Corpus of English as a lingua franca interaction. Concordia University. [Google Scholar]) has demonstrated that holds, which are temporary cessations of dynamic movement, are a robust visual cue of nonunderstanding that can be reliably interpreted by external observers as signals of listener comprehension difficulties (e.g. McDonough et al., 2019 McDonough, K., Trofimovich, P., Lu, L., & Abashidze, D. (2019). The occurrence and perception of listener visual cues during nonunderstanding episodes. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 41(5), 1151–1165. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263119000238[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], 2022 McDonough, K., Lindberg, R., & Trofimovich, P. (2022). Examining rater perception of holds as a visual cue of nonunderstanding. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 44(5), 1240–1259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263122000018[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], 2023 McDonough, K., Lindberg, R., Trofimovich, P., & Tekin, O. (2023). The visual component of non-understanding: A systematic replication of McDonough, Trofimovich, Lu, & Abashidze (2019). Language Teaching, 56(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444821000197[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). Using CELFI materials, this study used an experimental design to explore whether business communication students (N = 64) benefit from instructional activities designed to raise their awareness of holds as a signal of nonunderstanding. The students carried out perception tests in Week 1 and Week 5 that presented video excerpts from CELFI showing the depicted listeners’ hold onsets and releases, and the students rated those listeners’ comprehension. In the interim, 31 students completed weekly awareness-raising activities via Moodle (2 hours per week) for four weeks. A mixed ANOVA showed that students who participated in the awareness-raising activities showed significant improvement in their ability to discriminate between hold onsets and releases. Implications for the use of awareness-raising activities to promote recognition of nonverbal behavior are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it