Production and Exchange among Wemindji Cree: Egalitarian Ideology and Economic Base
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite a series of changes in productive forces and in relations with capitalist society, the Cree of northern Quebec have maintained a domestic mode of production. Until quite recently, reciprocity was seriously entertained as the idiom of relations even with the white man. This paper examines, for Wemindji Cree hunters, the effect of increased consumer affluence on subsistence production, sharing, and potential stratification between subsistence-oriented and wage-earning sectors of the local economy. The case of Wemindji Cree suggests that “antisurplus” forces in a domestic mode of production are reduced when domestic producers enter into reciprocal exchange with wage-earners, who have superior access to consumer goods. Surplus bush product is generated by domestic producers in exchange for help from wage-earning relatives in purchasing labor-saving technology and other consumer items. Hence, inequalities of access to both bush products and consumer goods are reduced or eliminated. However, for ecological and technological reasons, possible increases in domestic productivity are often more restricted than potential increases in wage income. Egalitarian exchange is threatened if wage-earners’ margin of superior access to consumer goods becomes disproportionate to domestic producers’ ability to produce a parallel surplus of bush products. In that case, the ideology of reciprocity would require that the value of domestic products become too marked, wage-earners might not exchange enough of their goods for equality to obtain, and permanent stratification might develop. A second scenario consists in the establishment of independent access to more consumer goods for domestic producers (in addition to legal guarantees of a subsistence base). In the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (1975), this condition was established in the form of a guaranteed annual income for hunters.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it