New Jupiter and Saturn Satellites Reveal New Moon Dynamical Families
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Tens of new moons around both Jupiter and Saturn have been announced on Minor Planet Electronic Circulars (MPECs) in late 2022 and early 2023. Jupiter now has 95 and Saturn 146 confirmed moons. Many smaller and fainter moons have also been detected at these planets but not yet confirmed through MPECs. These discoveries nearly complete the small moon population of Jupiter to about 2 km and Saturn to about 3 km and show new dynamical satellite families. The once lone Carpo is now joined by S/2018 J4, making it a group of two small prograde moons around Jupiter. The Inuit prograde family around Saturn appears to be 3 distinct groupings. S/2004 S24 seems to be a unique distant small Saturn prograde moon, as could be S/2006 S12 and S/2019 S6. S/2006 S20 might be the first found member of a compact Phoebe Saturn moon family.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".