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Record W4383533281 · doi:10.1080/15326349.2023.2222463

Optimizing Erlangization-based approximations for finite discrete distributions and discrete phase-type distributions

2023· article· en· W4383533281 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueStochastic Models · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInsurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMathematicsApproximations of πApplied mathematicsPhase-type distributionErlang distributionMarkov chainType (biology)Probability distributionStatisticsGamma distribution

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In He et al.[Citation8], continuous phase-type (PH) distributions are constructed to approximate finite discrete probability distributions and discrete PH-distributions. The approximations are based on Erlangization with a fixed number of phases. In this article, we first introduce continuous PH approximations with Erlang distributions of different orders. Then we develop an algorithm to find the continuous PH approximation with the minimum variance, among all such PH approximations with the same total number of phases. Thus, the proposed continuous PH approximations lead to a smaller gap between the variances of the Erlangization-based approximations and the original discrete random variables, which is achieved without adding more phases. The new approximations are useful to mitigate the burden in computation caused by the large number of phases needed in Erlangization approximation. Stochastic dominance is shown between the original (discrete) distributions and the approximations, which leads to bounds on the quantities of original distributions and/or stochastic models (e.g., reliability models). The approximation method is applied to analyze reliability models and a COVID-19 isolation program.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.985
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.049
GPT teacher head0.347
Teacher spread0.298 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it