Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic allergic conditions, along with allergic rhinitis and food allergy and cause high morbidity and mortality both in children and adults. This study aims to evaluate the global, regional, national, and temporal trends of the burden of asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019 and analyze their associations with geographic, demographic, social, and clinical factors. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, we assessed the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of both asthma and AD from 1990 to 2019, stratified by geographic region, age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). DALYs were calculated as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost to premature mortality. Additionally, the disease burden of asthma attributable to high body mass index, occupational asthmagens, and smoking was described. RESULTS: In 2019, there were a total of 262 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 224-309 million] cases of asthma and 171 million [95% UI: 165-178 million] total cases of AD globally; age-standardized prevalence rates were 3416 [95% UI: 2899-4066] and 2277 [95% UI: 2192-2369] per 100,000 population for asthma and AD, respectively, a 24.1% [95% UI: -27.2 to -20.8] decrease for asthma and a 4.3% [95% UI: 3.8-4.8] decrease for AD compared to baseline in 1990. Both asthma and AD had similar trends according to age, with age-specific prevalence rates peaking at age 5-9 years and rising again in adulthood. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and AD were both higher for individuals with higher SDI; however, mortality and DALYs rates of individuals with asthma had a reverse trend, with higher mortality and DALYs rates in those in the lower SDI quintiles. Of the three risk factors, high body mass index contributed to the highest DALYs and deaths due to asthma, accounting for a total of 3.65 million [95% UI: 2.14-5.60 million] asthma DALYs and 75,377 [95% UI: 40,615-122,841] asthma deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma and AD continue to cause significant morbidity worldwide, having increased in total prevalence and incidence cases worldwide, but having decreased in age-standardized prevalence rates from 1990 to 2019. Although both are more frequent at younger ages and more prevalent in high-SDI countries, each condition has distinct temporal and regional characteristics. Understanding the temporospatial trends in the disease burden of asthma and AD could guide future policies and interventions to better manage these diseases worldwide and achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

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The record

Venue

Allergy

Topic

Asthma and respiratory diseases

Field

Medicine

Canadian institutions

—

Funders

Division of Human Resource DevelopmentNational Institute on AgingEuropean Regional Development FundMedical Research CouncilManchester Biomedical Research CentreDilla UniversityHellenic Foundation for Research and InnovationNational Science and Technology CouncilFakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U KragujevcuRajshahi UniversityJawaharlal Institute Of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchKhulna UniversityZagazig UniversityUniversity of TabrizUniversidade do PortoShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesUniversitair Medisch Centrum GroningenJimma UniversityEuropean Academy of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyTaipei Medical UniversityTabriz University of Medical SciencesDirectorate for Biological SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityMinistero della SaluteCase Western Reserve UniversityBanaras Hindu UniversityNational Health and Medical Research CouncilPohang University of Science and TechnologyFondazione CariploNational Research Foundation of KoreaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaVictoria University of WellingtonTehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesVictoria UniversityMacquarie UniversityAstraZenecaEuropean CommissionUniversity of LeedsUniversity of WarwickNational Research FoundationNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchTribhuvan UniversityAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchUniversity of Engineering and Technology, LahoreIran University of Medical SciencesMashhad University of Medical SciencesPublic Health EnglandRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesAmgenPublic Health Agency of CanadaAcademy of Scientific Research and TechnologyFederation University AustraliaU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsJazan UniversityFlinders UniversityBGI GroupUniversity of WollongongHarvard UniversityEmory UniversitySungkyunkwan UniversityUniversidad de AntioquiaSanofiTeva Pharmaceutical IndustriesLEO PharmaUniversitas UdayanaEli Lilly and CompanyJohns Hopkins UniversityFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaPfizerBill and Melinda Gates FoundationKyung Hee UniversityInstitute for Health Metrics and EvaluationSamsungUniversity of Southern CaliforniaYonsei UniversityCilagAin Shams UniversityRijksuniversiteit GroningenUniversitetet i BergenInstitut für Arbeitsmarkt- und BerufsforschungNational Medical Research CouncilSchool of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamUniversity of GujratMazandaran University of Medical SciencesCleveland ClinicEuropean Cooperation in Science and Technology

Keywords

MedicineAsthmaAtopic dermatitisPopulationDisease burdenDemographyEnvironmental healthIncidence (geometry)Body mass indexConfidence intervalPediatricsImmunologyInternal medicine

Has abstract in OpenAlex

yes

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