Ogonowski, Zbigniew. Socinianism: History, Views, Legacy. Introduction by Mario Biagioni. Translated by Marcin Turski
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Unitarian Polish Brethren, better known as Socinians, are certainly one of the religious groups that were most debated in seventeenth-century Europe.This is not surprising.As they denied both Christ's divinity and his sacrifice on the cross, Protestants and Catholics alike did not consider them Christians at all.If one adds that they held dissenting views on politics as well-such as a steadfast non-resistance theory-it becomes clear why Catholics, Lutherans, Reformed, Anglicans, Remonstrants, and many others produced pamphlets and treatises against Socinianism as a theological and political system.Accordingly, the Socinians have received much attention by historiography as well, but perhaps not as much as they would deserve.Zbigniew Ogonowski's Socinianism: History, Views, Legacy makes thus a new major contribution that might further boost Socinian studies.This is an English edition of Ogonowski's original Polish book from 2015, translated by Marcin Turski, with an introduction by Mario Biagioni.It offers a compendium of both Ogonowski's extensive research on the Socinians and other studies by Polish scholars, which have not been available to non-Polish readers so far.But this is not the only strength of this edition.As stated by Biagioni, Ogonowski's book is the only comprehensive work on Socinianism in current historiography.Between 1945 and 1952, Earl Morse Wilbur also published two major volumes on the history of Unitarianism, but focusing mostly on the history of the communities and their persecution.Ogonowski not only provides a summary of such a history, but he also offers an overview of their theological and political doctrines, and of their long-lasting influence up to the nineteenth century.The volume is divided into three parts, preceded by a prelude about the history of the Polish Brethren previous to the arrival of Fausto Socinus (from whom the name "Socinians" is derived).This prelude is useful to fully understand the presence of antitrinitarianism in Poland and Lithuania in the mid-sixteenth century, as well as the contacts between Polish antitrinitarians and Moravian anabaptists.Part one then reconstructs the history of the Socinians from the arrival of Socinus in Poland around 1579 to the Socinian
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it