Performance assessment of compressed air energy storage systems with and without phase change materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, two integrated hybrid solar energy-based systems with thermal energy storage options for power production are proposed, thermodynamically analyzed and comparatively evaluated. The first system uses an underground cavern to store compressed air energy. When electricity production is high during the day, a compressor set pressurizes the air and directs it to storage. A heat transfer model is conducted to determine temperature variations and heat losses through the cavern walls. During the insufficient solar radiation period, the compressed air inside the cavern is discharged to meet the energy needs. The second energy storage system employs a cascade latent heat storage approach to reduce heat dissipation within the cavern. The temperature of the compressed hot air gradually decreases as it passes through three-stage phase change material (PCM) units. The cascaded PCMs helps reduce the temperature differences between storage media and minimize exergy destruction rates. Similar to the first energy storage option, the pressurized air is stored in an underground cavern. The compressed air is then discharged and passes through the latent heat storage mediums in the energy recovery mode, eventually reaching the turbine inlet temperature. Finally, the high-pressure and high-temperature air drives the gas turbine and generator to generate electricity. The thermodynamic quantities, including energy and exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rates, are determined for all system elements and comparatively assessed. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of the thermodynamic performance of different energy storage options is achieved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".