Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Five million Mexican-born farm workers are employed on North American farms sometime during a typical year, including 50,000 in Canada, 3 million in Mexico, and 2 million in the United States. Almost all of these workers were raised in poverty in rural Mexico. Mexican farm workers who are employed on American and Canadian farms earn at least ten times more than they would earn in Mexico, whether they are guest workers, legal immigrants or naturalized citizens, or unauthorized workers. Mexican farm workers are also employed in Mexico on farms in the northern and central states that export fruits and vegetables to the United States; this group of workers includes internal migrants from Mexico’s poorer southern states. This book explores the impacts of Mexican migrant workers in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, the alternatives to farm workers in particular commodities, and policies to improve protections for farm workers. Mexican braceros, or guest workers, were significant in the 1950s, and this book explores the similarities and differences between the braceros of the past and the migrant farm workers in Canada, Mexico, and the United States today.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.657 | 0.563 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".