DINAR: Enabling Distribution Agnostic Noise Injection in Machine Learning Hardware
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has seen a major rise in popularity on edge devices in recent years, ranging from IoT devices to self-driving cars. Security in a critical consideration on these platforms. State-of-the-art security-centric ML algorithms (e.g., differentially private ML, adversarial robustness) require noise sampled from Laplace or Gaussian distributions. Edge accelerators lack CPUs [15, 25, 36, 50] to add such noise. Existing hardware approaches to generate noise on-the-fly incur high overheads and leak side-channel information that can undermine security [34, 47]. To remedy this, we propose DINAR,1 lightweight hardware that enables noise addition from arbitrary distributions. For differentially private ML, DINAR enables noise addition while incurring 23 × lower area and 40 × lower energy compared to producing noise directly on-chip.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it