Victorian Facebooks: Privacy Concerns at William Notman’s Studio
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The history of issues of privacy in relation to photography is generally dated to the introduction of handheld cameras and halftone printing at the end of the nineteenth century.Citing a remarkable series of notations in the records of famed Montreal photographer William Notman, this article argues that privacy concerns were at issue in the everyday operations of the photography studios that preceded amateur photography.These notations represent the rudimentary attempts that some of Notman's clients made to restrict the circulation, sale and availability of their studio portraits starting in the 1870s.This article speculates that the emergent anxieties regarding privacy exemplified by such notations were informed by the setup and marketing practices of early photography studios.Ultimately, this analysis seeks to show that current debates about privacy, photography and visibility can be traced back to the commercial systems that developed in tandem with early photography technologies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it