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CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

2023· article· en· W4388847261 on OpenAlex

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aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueBaltic Journal of Economic Studies · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicEntrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersErasmus+Universität BielefeldEuropean Commission
KeywordsEntrepreneurshipSocial entrepreneurshipValue (mathematics)Social changeMultiplicative functionIndex (typography)EconomicsEconomic growthBusinessRegional scienceEconometricsComputer scienceMathematicsSociologyStatistics

Abstract

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The purpose of the study is to classify and evaluate indicators of social enterprise development for countries with the most favourable conditions for their functioning. Methodology. The study uses indices as an assessment tool. The method of grouping indicators was used, which allowed to identify two components of social entrepreneurship development: economic and social. The basis of the analysis is the use of additive, multiplicative and additive-multiplicative models, which allows comparing the results and determining the most effective model for a particular country. To evaluate the development of social entrepreneurship, the Thomson Reuters Foundation report "The best countries to be a social entrepreneur" was used. Results. Studies have shown that the highest value of the social enterprise development index is achieved when using different models depending on the country chosen, i.e., if the highest level is achieved when using an additive model (Singapore, Denmark, Chile), this means that the low level of development of one component is compensated for by a higher level of other components. If the highest value is achieved when using a multiplier model (Canada, Australia, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Indonesia), then it is important for the country to take into account all development components simultaneously. The additive-multiplicative model allows countries to vary the components and determine how they want to move forward to achieve the highest level of social entrepreneurship development. Practical implications. The classification and evaluation of indicators for countries allows to identify "stimulators" and "disincentives" for the development of a social enterprise, as well as to determine the nature of their impact: economic (through material incentives), non-economic (social). This allows each country to develop its own algorithm for implementing such an innovative form of business to achieve maximum effect, i.e., to solve socio-economic problems and increase the level of development in the future. Value/originality. In the context of escalating conflicts at both the global and local levels, the number and complexity of socio-economic problems are increasing, and they need to be addressed through the use of creative and innovative methods, as traditional mechanisms have failed. That is why social enterprises are an effective form of business that will allow not only quantitatively but also qualitatively to ensure the achievement of this mission. This research focuses on the factors that influence the development of social enterprises and can be used by countries to formulate public policies to support this innovative form of business.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.058
Threshold uncertainty score0.301

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.113
GPT teacher head0.331
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it