Multitrophic effects: A tale of microbiome shifts in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis and its parasitoids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Koinobiont endoparasitoids regulate the physiological functioning of their hosts through altering metabolism and immune responses, processes which function in tandem to shape the structure and composition of the microbial communities of these hosts. Here we investigated the hypothesis that parasitisation by the virulent Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and the avirulent Pystallia cosyrae induce gut dysbiosis and differentially alter the gut microbial communities of an important horticultural pest, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Consequently, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing to investigate the effect of parasitisation on the bacterial and fungal communities of B. dorsalis, respectively. We further investigated the bacterial communities of D. longicaudata and P. cosyrae using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Exposure to both parasitoids induced perturbations in the microbial communities of B. dorsalis. The gut bacteriome of B. dorsalis larvae shifted from an Anoxybacillus, Acetobacter and Acinetobacter dominated community to one dominated by the generaMorganella, Stenotrophomonas, Weissella and Pantoea. These effects were especially more pronounced in the D. longicaudata-parasitised larvae compared to those parasitized by P. cosyrae. The diversity and abundance of the fungal community was negatively influenced by parasitisation with an overall reduction in fungi diversity, richness, and evenness. We found an increase in the abundance of Sacchromyces species in larvae parasitized by both wasps compared to the unparasitised controls. On the other hand, the bacterial communities of both parasitoids were less diverse. Arsenophonus nasoniaewas the dominant bacterium in P. cosyrae whereas Paucibacter and Pseudomonas species dominated the bacteriome of D. longicaudata. Conclusion This study presents the first report of the microbial communities of D. longicaudata and P. cosyrae as well as parasitism-induced gut perturbations in B. dorsalis, revealing host gut homeostasis as a possible driver of parasitoid virulence in this invasive pest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".