Efficient Vertical Mining of Frequent Quantitative Patterns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Frequent pattern mining has become popular in big data analytics and knowledge discovery as it discovers sets of items (e.g., merchandise items or events) that co-occur frequently. These frequent patterns are discovered by either horizontally by transaction-centric mining algorithms or vertically by item-centric mining algorithms. Regardless of the mining algorithms used, traditional frequent pattern mining algorithms focus on discovering Boolean frequent patterns, which reveal the presence or absence of specific items within the discovered patterns. However, in many real-life scenarios, the quantities of items within the patterns are crucial. For instance, the quantity of items can significantly impact the profitability of selling the items found in the discovered patterns. An existing quantitative algorithm called Q-VIPER (2022) mined frequent quantitative patterns by representing the big data as a collection of item-centric bitmaps. Each bitmap captures the presence or absence of a transaction containing the item, together with the quantity of that item in each transaction. It then mines quantitative frequent patterns vertically. It works well with small quantity. However, when dealing with large quantity, it generates a large number of sets of candidate quantitative frequent patterns (aka sets of item expressions, or itemexpsets for short). Given that large quantities are not unusual in numerous real-life applications, we design a scalable solution in this paper. The resulting scalable quantitative frequent pattern algorithm called SQ-VIPER significantly reduces the number of candidates to be generated, and thus speeds up the mining process. Evaluation results show that superiority of our SQ-VIPER over the existing Q-VIPER and MQA-M algorithms, which respectively mine quantitative frequent patterns vertically and horizontally.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".