Distinct metabolic responses to thermal stress between invasive freshwater turtle <i>Trachemys scripta elegans</i> and native freshwater turtles in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Different responses or tolerance to thermal stress between invasive and native species can affect the outcome of interactions between climate change and biological invasion. However, knowledge about the physiological mechanisms that modulate the interspecific differences in thermal tolerance is limited. The present study analyzes the metabolic responses to thermal stress by the globally invasive turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, as compared with two co-occurring native turtle species in China, Pelodiscus sinensis and Mauremys reevesii. Changes in metabolite contents and the expression or enzyme activities of genes involved in energy sensing, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle after exposure to gradient temperatures were assessed in turtle juveniles. Invasive and native turtles showed distinct metabolic responses to thermal stress. T. scripta elegans showed greater transcriptional regulation of energy sensors than the native turtles. Enhanced anaerobic metabolism was needed by all three species under extreme heat conditions, but phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the invader showed stronger upregulation or stable responses than the native species, which showed inhibition by high temperatures. These contrasts were pronounced in the muscles of the three species. Regulation of lipid metabolism was observed in both T. scripta elegans and P. sinensis but not in M. reevesii under thermal stress. Thermal stress did not inhibit the TCA cycle in turtles. Different metabolic responses to thermal stress may contribute to interspecific differences in thermal tolerance. Overall, our study further suggested the potential role of physiological differences in mediating interactions between climate change and biological invasion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".