Haemorrhagic complications of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms caused by interventional cardiology procedures – a large-population retrospective study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction For many years femoral access was the preferred approach in interventional cardiology. Still, due to its large size, which allows for the use of larger catheters, the femoral artery remains the preferred access for many procedures. Femoral pseudoaneurysms are the most common and most severe complication of this access. Aim of the research To evaluate haemorrhagic complications of femoral pseudoaneurysms induced by interventional cardiology procedures. Material and methods From the patients treated with percutaneous intervention between 2006 and 2022 in the Second Department of Cardiology, Świętokrzyskie Cardiology Centre, Kielce, Poland, we registered and analysed 621 cases of femoral pseudoaneurysms. Of these patients, 537 had their haemoglobin tested before and after the procedure, and they constitute the population thoroughly analysed in the study. Results and conclusions The occurrence of a pseudoaneurysm statistically significantly increased the chance of any decrease in haemoglobin (HGB) (OR = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.26–4.7, p < 0.0001), as well as a decrease in HGB by more than one unit (OR = 6.34, 95% CI: 4.87–8.26, p < 0.0001), a decrease in HGB by more than 2 units (OR = 7.54, 95% CI: 5.18–10.96, p < 0.0001), or a decrease in HGB by more than 3 units (OR = 20.31, 95% CI: 9.35–44.1, p < 0.0001). Among patients who had any decrease in HGB after the procedure, significantly greater average decreases were observed in the group of patients with a pseudoaneurysm. Men were significantly more likely to be anaemic before the procedure. Among the patients with femoral pseudoaneurysm whose HGB levels dropped the most after percutaneous intervention, STEMI was the most common primary condition. The occurrence of a pseudoaneurysm significantly increased the risk of anaemia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".