Biology and management of <i>Coleophora deauratella</i> (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in red clover seed-growing regions in North America and New Zealand
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a perennial forage legume belonging to the Fabaceae family, is grown for seed in many temperate regions of the world. Coleophora deauratella Leinig and Zeller (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) is a significant insect pest occurring globally in several primary red clover seed-producing regions. Coleophora deauratella inflicts crop damage by larval feeding on developing seed within individual florets, thus reducing seed yield. The first detection of C. deauratella and seed yield losses up to 90% were reported in the Peace River region of Alberta, in western Canada, in 2006, signifying its damage and potential threat to other red clover seed-producing areas of the world as an invasive insect pest species. As a result, crop stand age was reduced to 1 yr to mitigate seed yield loss caused by this pest in second-year fields in Alberta. Coleophora deauratella was first discovered in western Oregon in 2011, but the resulting economic damage remains unknown after more than a decade of its discovery. The first confirmed case of C. deauratella and tremendous seed yield devastation in red clover seed crops in the mid-Cantebury region of New Zealand occurred in 2016. Continued monitoring efforts in Oregon and New Zealand revealed that pest populations started receding after 2018, and the presence of unknown biocontrol agents, climatic, or genetic factors was speculated for its lower establishment rate. In this article, we discuss C. deauratella biology, ecology, and pest status in North America and New Zealand, along with the key research highlights to control C. deauratella.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it