Real-time production scheduling using a deep reinforcement learning-based multi-agent approach
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the real-time scheduling (RTS) research field, it has been shown that employing multiple dispatching rules (MDRs) for the components in a flexible manufacturing system will improve production performance much more than a single dispatching rule (SDR). To fulfill the goal of Industry 4.0 in production control and improve production performance, this study deploys a deep reinforcement learning-based multi-agent (DRLBMA) approach for real-time scheduling. The proposed approach uses the MDRs strategy by integrating two main methodologies: an off-line learning module and a Deep Q-learning-based multi-agent module. The proposed method employs a two-level self-organizing map (SOM) to determine the system’s states. The proposed methodology determines the best MDRs decision. The approach is applied to a case study of a smart manufacturing system. The results of the proposed method are compared to different scheduling strategies, such as reinforcement learning (RL)-based real-time scheduling, two-level self-organized map (SOM), and continuous rescheduling using a single dispatching rule, such as earliest due date (EDD), shortest processing time (SPT), and longest processing time (LPT). The findings reveal that, in terms of the total weighted tardiness, throughput, and mean cycle time performance criteria, the proposed DRLBMA-based real-time scheduling is more efficient than these scheduling strategies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it