Household Consumption Expenditure Determinants Across Poverty Subgroups in Sub-Sahara Africa: Evidence from the Ghanaian Living Standard Survey
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study uses data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey 2016/2017 to examine household consumption variations across different poverty subgroups. Non-poor households display significantly higher expenditures than poor and extremely poor counterparts. Contributing factors include older married male heads, larger family sizes, and rural locations with limited education. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition highlights characteristic effects in consumption disparities. While endorsing fertility reduction policies, caution is urged against extremist approaches that may worsen poverty since the extremely poor depend on household labor. Recognizing the importance of location and employment sectors is crucial for targeted economic development in both urban and rural areas.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it