Effects of steel slag on the properties and microstructure of magnesium oxysulfate cement prepared by magnesium desulfurization byproducts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement has problems of short setting time, poor water resistance, and volume instability. This paper investigates the potential of steel slag (SS) to modify the properties and microstructure of the MOS cement prepared by magnesium desulfurization byproducts (MDBs). The results showed that SS delayed the setting time, restrained the volume shrinkage, and improved the water resistance of the MOS cement. The hydration products of the MOS cement were the fibrous 318 phase (3Mg(OH)2•MgSO4•8H2O), lamellar Mg(OH)2, and MgCO3. The addition of SS increased the pH and decreased the overall hydration reaction rate and the amount of Mg(OH)2 in the MOS cement. SS reacted with Mg(OH)2 at the late stage to form an amorphous M–S–H gel, which increased the gel pore volume and the density of the cement. In conclusion, SS enhanced the application potential of MOS cement, through improving its macroscopic properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".