Recommended Effective Throat Sizes for Flare Groove Welds to HSS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental research project has been undertaken to investigate the geometric properties, and in particular the effective throat size, of flare bevel and flare-V partial joint penetration groove welds at the corners of Hollow Structural Sections (HSS). HSS-to-plate (flare bevel) and HSS-to-HSS (flare-V) single-pass welds were carefully performed to Welding Procedure Specifications agreed within a Project Oversight Committee, using ASTM A500 tubing, then cross-sectioned after inspection to produce 180 test welds. Parameters included three HSS sizes (with wall thicknesses ranging from 3/16 in. to 3/8 in.), four welding processes (FCAW-G, FCAW-S, GMAW and SMAW) and four welding positions (flat, horizontal, vertical and overhead). All weld cross-sections were polished and etched, then had their profiles digitally recorded and measured. An analysis of the resulting data has shown that the current pre-qualified effective throat sizes for these two weld types, in AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, can be made more liberal for most weld processes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".