Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book provides a unique and detailed insight into the taxation of entertainers and sportspersons in an international context.Why this book?Taxation of Entertainers and Sportspersons Performing Abroad, comprising the proceedings and working documents of an annual seminar held in Milan in November 2015, is a detailed and comprehensive study on the taxation of highly mobile individuals engaged in the artistic and sports sectors. It begins with a comparative analysis of the domestic tax regime of such individuals and then examines the influence of EU law on national law, with a particular emphasis on the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union.The book then moves to selected tax treaty issues. In particular, it analyses: (i) the history of article 17 of the OECD Model Tax Convention; (ii) recent developments concerning that article, particularly the 2014 amendments to the Commentary on Article 17 of the OECD Model Convention; (iii) tax treaty issues related to qualification, allocation and apportionment of income derived by entertainers and sportspersons; and (iv) the taxation of income from image rights, sponsorship and advertising.Special attention is devoted to the application of article 17(2) of the OECD Model Convention, issues concerning the elimination of international double taxation and the taxation of international sport events and tournaments, such as the Olympic Games and the UEFA and FIFA Championships.Individual country surveys provide an in-depth analysis of the domestic tax regimes and actual tax treaty application and practices by various states, including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.This book presents a unique and detailed insight into the taxation of entertainers and sportspersons in an international context and is therefore an essential reference source for international tax students, practitioners and academics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.308 | 0.179 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".