Protein-based encapsulation systems for codelivery of bioactive compounds: Recent studies and potential applications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Functional food development faces a considerable hurdle due to the poor bioavailability of incorporated bioactive compounds, which are caused by poor aqueous solubility, rapid release, low circulation time, physical and chemical instability, and cytotoxicity of bioactive compounds. Encapsulation emerges as a pivotal strategy to address this challenge by protecting bioactives. Protein as a wall material for encapsulation plays a significant role due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, surface activity, amphiphilic nature, and diverse range of functional groups. Researchers are currently exploring the co-encapsulation of multiple compounds to earn synergistic health benefits, enhanced functionality, and cost-effectiveness but face several challenges due to the diverse solubilities and chemical properties of bioactives. Proteins are crucial as encapsulation wall materials with their nutritional value and abundant availability. The diversity arising from the 20 different amino acids allows proteins to interact effectively with various compounds through various interactions. Emulsions, nano, micro solid particles, and gels are the most common protein-based fabricated systems used for encapsulation and co-encapsulation. However, as delivery systems, proteins face some drawbacks and challenges, such as rapid release and diffusion, low loading capacity, and instability in gastric environments. This review critically explores protein-based co-encapsulation studies, highlighting research gaps and proposing future directions in this field.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it