Real-Time Heart Rate Monitoring via Batteryless RFID Tags
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a system wherein a battery-less RFID tag is capable of sensing the heartbeats of a mobile individual, while an RFID reader wirelessly detects them. The key advantage of the designed tag is its transmission of sensed data through the phase of the reflected signal to the reader, rather than its amplitude, rendering it more immune to noise and disturbance. The tag comprises three blocks: heartbeat detection, energy harvester, and three-port RFID structure. The main power consumption of the proposed tag is by the microcontroller, which consumes a maximum of 1.69 μA at a 3.6 V power supply, making it a suitable option for energy harvesting applications. The minimum detectable pulse width of heartbeats by this system is measured at 60 ms, indicating that heart rates up to 250 bpm can be detected by this system, considering a duty cycle equal to 25% for the pulse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".