Effects of forage feeding level on ruminal pH and metabolic adaptation of the rumen epithelium in pre-weaned Jersey calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of limiting forage provision in pre-weaned calves on ruminal pH and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) transport capacity during the pre-weaning period. Twelve Jersey bull calves (age = 1.9 ± 0.8 d) were housed individually on sand. All calves were fed milk replacer at 1,200 g/d and texturized grain-based starter ad libitum from birth. Calves were randomly assigned one of two treatments: ad libitum forage (ALF) or limited forage provision, where forage was limited to 90 g/d as-fed (LFP). Individual feed intake was recorded daily, calf weights, and jugular blood samples were collected weekly. Once calves consumed 680 g/d of calf starter, ruminal pH was measured for seven days after which calves were humanely killed and rumen fluid sampled. During the pre-weaning period, starter intake, feed efficiency, plasma glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration, SCFA concentration, average daily gain, and body weight were not different between treatments. Forage intake for ALF calves was greater than LFP beginning at wk 9 (255 ± 34 vs. 71 ± 40 g/d, respectively). Compared to ALF, LFP decreased mean ruminal pH (6.38 ± 0.16 vs. 5.98 ± 0.23) and duration of time where rumen pH was below 5.8 (796 ± 145 vs. 261 ± 133 min/d). Epithelial markers of SCFA transport and cell homeostasis (MCT1, NBC1, NHE3) were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, incidence of sub-acute ruminal acidosis in limited forage-fed calves did not have the same effects on intake and nutrient transporters seen in adult cows.
Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.
How this classification was reachedexpand
The three-model screen
all 5,600 screened works →All three models called this out of scope.
Animal nutrition trial on forage feeding in calves; domain science.
This experiment studies calf nutrition and rumen physiology, not research.
Animal nutrition physiology study of calf rumen pH and SCFA transport.
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".