User Sensing in RIS-Aided Wideband mmWave System With Beam-Squint and Beam-Split
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) are considered promising technologies for the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication. The deployment of RIS within the mmWave ISAC system can achieve better communication performance and sensing accuracy. The mmWave band signals can be utilized to enhance transmission rates and available bandwidth significantly. However, the increased size of the RIS array and bandwidth introduces the beam-squint effect, which impacts the performance of RIS-aided communication and sensing. In this paper, we analyze the beam-squint and beam-split effects on a uniform planar array of RIS. Moreover, we derive controllable beam-squint and beam-split ranges based on true-time-delay (TTD) lines and propose RIS-aided sensing schemes with beam-squint and beam-split for a mmWave ISAC system. The proposed schemes can utilize both time-domain and frequency-domain resources for beam scanning, which reduces the time overhead compared to traditional beam scanning schemes. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed RIS-aided user sensing schemes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".