MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4401628422 · doi:10.1086/732044

The 5 ‘D’s of Taxonomy: A User’s Guide

2024· review· en· W4401628422 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Quarterly Review of Biology · 2024
Typereview
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicSpecies Distribution and Climate Change
Canadian institutionsUniversité de Montréal
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTaxonomy (biology)Computer scienceInformation retrievalBiologyZoology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Much of what has recently been written about taxonomy has focused on negatives in the face of a heterogeneously defined taxonomic impediment. The current review takes a step back from the rhetoric to explicate the modern science of taxonomy with a new practical model, “the five ‘D’s”: taxon discovery, delimitation, diagnosis, description, and specimen determination. Although individual taxonomists may focus more on some of these practices and less on others, taxonomy as a discipline requires all five. Each practice depends on the one prior and necessarily leads to and often overlaps with the one following. In fact, the first ‘D’—taxon discovery—has its origin in the last, specimen determination, thereby closing a recursive loop of taxonomic progress. Hopefully users of taxonomy—almost all biologists—will appreciate a fresh perspective on a foundational science. Several recommendations are offered to biological researchers to account for the iterative improvement, and hence necessary change, in the taxonomy and nomenclature of their study organisms.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.881
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0080.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.072
GPT teacher head0.352
Teacher spread0.279 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it