Creep and Shrinkage of Nonproprietary Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the experimental evaluation of four nonproprietary ultra-high-perfor¬mance concrete (UHPC) mixture proportions current¬ly being used for industrial applications by various precast concrete producers across the United States and Canada. The main objective of this research was to acquire data about the effects that creep and shrinkage phenomena produced with UHPC materials. Shrinkage was assessed by the ASTM C157 testing method modified by ASTM C1865 and ASTM C1698. Creep was evaluated by the ASTM C512 testing method modified by ASTM C1856. Results for creep and shrinkage strains and creep coefficient are pre¬sented and discussed. Comparisons with conventional concrete are also made. This detailed characterization of creep and shrinkage properties of the nonproprietary UHPC mixture proportions advances the understanding of UHPC materials and phenomena and offers useful information for further research on applications of UHPC for prestressed concrete structural components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".