Experimental and numerical investigation of the cyclic behaviour of coupled balloon-type CLT shear walls with high-capacity base connections
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mass timber buildings have gained global popularity due to the increasing availability and affordability of mass timber products and an increasing awareness of the sustainability of timber construction. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on coupled balloon-type cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls with the aim of overcoming the capacity limitations of platform CLT shear walls. Using self-tapping screws to create innovative hold-down solutions, three two-storey coupled CLT shear walls were cyclically tested and the results demonstrated that the proposed coupled wall systems could achieve significantly higher lateral strength (over 400 kN) and initial stiffness (up to 14 kN/mm) compared to platform CLT shear walls in literature. The cyclic test results were used to validate a finite element CLT shear wall model in CLTWALL2D. The calibrated model was then used to run a parametric study of a series of balloon-type CLT shear walls up to twelve storeys (42 m) in height. This study provided evidence that coupled balloon-type CLT shear walls with high-capacity screwed connections have the potential of reaching high strength and stiffness with the displacement ductility factor μ = 2–4. • high-capacity balloon-type coupled CLT shear walls using screwed connections were tested to assess their cyclic performance. • A component-based finite element model was used to simulate the cyclic wall behavior and verified by the wall test results. • A parametric study indicated that these walls can provide high-capacity solutions and achieve ductility ratios of 2 - 4.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it