Energy Poor No More: Intelligent Approaches to Realizing Energy Well-Being
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Access to clean, affordable, and reliable energy services is a key requirement for global sustainability. The United Nations reports that 91% of the world’s population had access to electricity in 2021, up from 87% in 2015 (https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal7#progress_and_info). However, grid connection does not guarantee energy well-being, which New Zealand’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment defines as the situation “when individuals, households, and whanau are able to obtain adequate energy services to support their well-being in their home or kainga” (https://www.mbie.govt.nz/building-and-energy/energy-and-natural-resources/energy-hardship/defining-energy-hardship/). When a household is unable to meet its energy needs, either because it does not have access to a reliable energy supply or cannot afford the necessary energy services, it suffers from energy hardship or, in the extreme, energy poverty. Our research addresses the latter situation; that is, when energy hardship exists despite a reliable energy supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".