Subject Identification Using Behavioral Cues and Machine Learning
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, significant advances in biometrics have essentially been driven by machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) progress. Numerous human identification applications are currently available using physical traits such as fingerprints, face, and voice. With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and the availability of a variety of ML algorithms, there has been increased research interest in subject identification (SI) based on behavioral cues. For example, several research works have been published on SI based on gait analysis. Sensors like accelerometers (ACC), gyroscopes, (GYR), and magnetometers (MAG) were used to collect data during limited activities such as walking. We believe that using data for one activity is not sufficient to adequately capture behavioral cues for the purpose of SI. Considering other cues such as gestures or head shaking and using a variety of sensors located on different parts of the human body are essential to developing a scenario that includes expressive human activities. We designed a specific scenario that included several activities, such as walking, giving a talk, chatting while sitting, and climbing stairs, using five inertial measurement units (IMU) located on various parts of the human body. Several ML algorithms, namely Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost (XGB) were used. Our results show that SI yields beyond 99% accuracy for most activities. Furthermore, we succeeded in implementing a real-time IoT system for SI based on our best offline results. We achieved 98.04% accuracy within 0.06 ms of processing time (PT).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it