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Record W4402215600 · doi:10.1109/tdsc.2024.3451129

An Attack Exploiting Cyber-Arm Industry

2024· article· en· W4402215600 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Canadian institutionsCarleton University
FundersNational Natural Science Foundation of China
KeywordsComputer scienceComputer security

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The landscape of cyberattacks has transcended from mere hobbyist pursuits of cybercriminals to a lucrative business model, facilitating their sustenance. Concurrently, the cybercrime market has evolved into a complex ecosystem. Empowered by this environment, cybercriminal tactics have evolved from simple, isolated activities to intricate and coordinated cyberattacks. In this article, we reveal a new type of cyberattack paradigm termed Attack Exploiting Cyber-arms Industry (AECI), which, despite its potential for severe impact, requires less investment and entails fewer obstacles and risks compared to traditional methods. However, this type of attack is still neglected by security researchers and communities and this is the first work focusing on this type of attack. To elucidate AECI, we provide an overview of the cyber-arms industry and introduces an attack model. The model dissects each phase of AECI to illuminate its operational mechanics and strategic imperatives. Furthermore, to assess its potential impact, a mathematical model is proposed to estimate the scale of infection attributable to AECI. Through analysis of a specific attack case, our findings demonstrate that AECI can generate significant impacts within a brief timeframe, akin to the magnitude observed with the Mirai botnet. The proposed model is demonstrated to prove instrumental in effectively analyzing AECI and providing accurate estimations of its infection scale.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.675
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.036
GPT teacher head0.329
Teacher spread0.294 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it